Kalyandurg

CONFIDENCE: marked medium because the 2011 population carried here is published only by Wikipedia; the town is below the 1-lakh threshold of the official Census 2011 provisional cities table, and no official per-town census page could be retrieved. The civic status itself IS official (CDMA ULB directory). The 1905 gazetteer (p. 175) records nothing at all on trade, merchants, markets or temple endowment for Kalyandurg, noting only that 'besides them there are no buildings of any antiquity in the place'; the Imperial Gazetteer of India (Madras Vol. I, 1908, p. 492) adds that the town, 'being off the railway and in the centre of a very barren tract, it is in a decaying state.' GAZETTEER NEGATIVE FINDING: W. Francis, Madras District Gazetteers: Anantapur (1905) (https://archive.org/details/anantapurvolume00frangoog) makes NO mention of Komati / Vaisya / Vysya merchants, of a bazaar or pettah merchant quarter, of a chattram/choultry, or of a merchant-endowed temple at this town. In the whole volume Komatis are named on only three pages (36, 154, 202) and the only two Komati temples recorded in the district are at Gooty and Tadipatri. Absence of evidence is recorded here rather than an inferred institution. CIVIC-STATUS CONFLICT: the official district page https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/municipal-corporation-and-municipalities/ calls this body 'kalyandurg Nagara Panchayat', while the official CDMA ULB directory lists 'KALYANADURGAM' with grade 'III' (Grade-III Municipality) and Wikipedia says 'Municipality Grade - 3'. Urban local body merged with its mandal-headquarters record. Civic status per the official CDMA ULB directory (listed as 'KALYANADURGAM', grade code 'III' = Grade-III Municipality). Wikipedia's district article states 'Municipality Grade - 3'. 2011 population 39,855 is as published by Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantapur_district); no live official census URL for this town could be retrieved, so the population figure is medium-confidence even though the civic status is official. Revenue division: Kalyandurg. The mandal name is from the official district portal; the grouping into revenue divisions is from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anantapur_district, because the official portal's mandal table is not explicitly grouped by division. Division assignment is therefore medium-confidence. Official portal https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/divisions/ confirms exactly 3 revenue divisions (Anantapuramu, Kalyandurg, Guntakal). SOURCE CONFLICT on mandal count: https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/mandal/ states the district 'consists of 31 Mandals' and tabulates 31 (one combined 'Anantapur' entry), while https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/mandals/ tabulates 32 (Anantapur Urban and Anantapur Rural listed separately); Wikipedia's prose says 31 but its list has 32. This dataset carries 32. Separate conflict: https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/demography/ is stale, still reporting 63 revenue mandals, 5 revenue divisions and 19,130 sq km, i.e. the pre-2022 undivided Anantapur district.